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| Zeolite as natural feed additives |
ZEOLITE AS NATURAL FEED ADDITIVES TO REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF SWINE MANURE
Jagannath Tiwari
Department of Bioresource Engineering
McGill University, Montreal
October 2007
ABSTRACT
The intensification of swine farming in recent year has resulted in
excessive manure applications in some areas affecting both the terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems. The source reduction of manure nutrients by using zeolite as a feed additive in the ration of hogs is envisaged as one of
the possible solutions to reduce the excessive applications of manure nutrients
in land. In this context, an experimental feed trial was performed to test the
effect on the manure physico-chemical properties and the growth performance
of hogs of supplementing grower hog rations with a 4% zeolite (90%+
clinoptilolite).
The zeolite ration tested, namely R2, R3 and R4, contained 4% zeolite
(90%+ clinoptilolite) and either 100, 90 or 90% crude protein (CP) and 100,
90 or 85 % energy, respectively. These rations were tested against a control
ration, R1, with no zeolite and 100% CP and energy.
The first experiment consisted in feeding each ration to three hogs and
collecting their manure to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics. Also,
2% and 4% zeolite was added to fresh manure, to measure its viscosity. The
zeolite rations did increase the total solids (TS) content of the manure. Rations
R3 and R4 produced manures which flowed better and emitted less odours
after aging for 67 days, as compared to the control ration R1. Ration R2
produced less odours than the control ration R1, although the results were not
significantly different (P>0.05). Thus, supplementing hog rations with zeolite
can have some positive impact on the physico-chemical properties of the
manure.
The second experiment consisted in testing the effect on hog
performance of adding 4% zeolite (90%+ clinoptilolite) to their ration, while
also lowering the ration crude protein and energy content. A batch of 192 hogs
were split into two groups, one housed in a room and fed the control ration
R1, and the second in another identical room and fed two of the zeolite
ii
rations, namely rations R2 and R3. The experiment was repeated while
changing the treatment assignment per room, and using rations R3 and R4.
Although the zeolite and all of its crude protein (CP) and energy levels had no
significant impact on hog performance, some differences were observed with
ration R3 during the 12 week growth period. This indicates that more research
is needed to adjust the ration with hog growth stage. The heavy metal content
of the carcasses was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by zeolite
supplementation
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